How AIDS is transmitted

The most frequently asked questions about the contamination of AIDS are;

• Can AIDS be transmitted through kissing?
• How is AIDS transmitted?
• How is AIDS not transmitted?
• How is AIDS transmitted sexually?
• Is AIDS a homosexual disease?
• Is AIDS transmitted by saliva?
• Is AIDS transmitted by touch?
• Do condoms / condoms protect against AIDS?

HIV virus is transmitted through blood, blood, blood products, tissue or organ transplantation from a person with HIV / AIDS, through unprotected sexual intercourse, from a mother who is not aware that she has HIV during pregnancy, to her child. The most common mode of transmission is breast milk.

If the person who has unprotected sexual intercourse with an HIV-positive partner has a different sexual disease (such as gonorrhea, syphilis, hepatitis), the risk of AIDS transmission is much higher due to tissue damage. The risk varies with the age of the HIV-infected person, the stage of the disease, and the type of relationship (oral sex, anal sex, vaginal sex). Women are at higher risk of contracting AIDS during menstruation. Unprotected sex with many different partners increases the likelihood of HIV transmission.

From whom to whom AIDS is transmitted more easily

male to female or female to male?

The risk of contracting AIDS in a single unprotected sexual intercourse is not fully known, but the probability of male-to-female transmission is higher than female-to-male transmission. Since the lymphocytes in the sperm of an infected man are also infected, the sperm can carry the HIV virus. The HIV virus, which enters the vagina, must enter the bloodstream in order to initiate reproduction. Small slits in the wall of the vagina are presumed to be the main route for the virus to enter the bloodstream. These studies show that; Women are more likely than men to become infected after a single sexual contact.

Since the inner tissue surface of the vagina is more than the surface of the penis, the vagina is exposed to infection much more than the penis.

Some studies conducted in Africa have revealed an association between HIV and the presence of genital ulcers in men. Researchers suggest that genital ulcers in men allow the virus to enter the bloodstream, just like crevices in the vaginal walls. However, genital ulcers are not required for transmission of HIV.

Other factors affecting the transmission of HIV virus;

• heterosexual contact route
• Having menstruation
• Infection with other microorganisms
• skin condition
• Chemicals that disrupt skin integrity

When does a person with AIDS start transmitting the disease?

A small study was conducted in which sperm were examined at regular intervals after the initial contamination. In this study, 3 people infected with HIV virus were used. After the first clinical symptoms appeared, HIV was detected as a result of examination with more than one laboratory technique for 4 weeks, regardless of the use of zidovudine. Although it is not known when a newly infected person can transmit HIV to another person through sperm, it is accepted that any HIV-infected man can transmit HIV at any time.

The widespread presence of HIV in the body at the time of primary infection and the presence of HIV in the semen within weeks following the infection most likely indicate that people are infectious from the beginning of HIV infection.

There are serious risks for HIV-negative women who want to become pregnant from men whose sperm have HIV. Very few studies have shown that it is possible to inactivate the virus in the infected semen, artificially inseminate the woman, and thus protect both the mother and the baby from infection. Physicians were able to achieve only a few pregnancies in this way. As a result, this is a research method and its applicability is very, very low.

Does a single sexual intercourse with someone who has AIDS cause AIDS transmission?

The risk of contracting HIV infection in a single vaginal intercourse with an HIV-infected partner is not fully known. Some predictions can be made based on the results of a large-scale study conducted in Europe. Within the scope of this study, 304 HIV-negative individuals and their partners were evaluated. Their only risk factor was having sexual contact with their HIV-infected partners. Of these individuals, 196 were women and 108 were men. These couples were followed for an average of 20 months and tested for HIV infection.

While the study was in progress, 40% of these couples were excluded from the study because they ended their sexual contact. 256 couples continued their sexual activities for at least three months during the study. During the study, the couples had sexual intercourse and were examined a total of 15,000 times.

While 48% of couples use condoms regularly, the others either use it sporadically or not at all. None of the couples who regularly use condoms were infected with HIV. When the irregular condom users were examined, the HIV infection transmission rate was found to be approximately 1 in every 1,000 intercourse.

If the AIDS partner is asymptomatic, the risk increases to 0.7 per 1,000, and the risk of transmission increases to 4 in the AIDS stage. According to this study, the difference between the male-to-female transmission rate and the female-to-male transmission rate could not be measured. However, other studies show that; The risk of a man infecting a woman with each sexual contact is twice as high as the risk of a woman infecting a man.

According to the results of this research; genital ulcers increase the risk of AIDS transmission, genital ulcers increase the risk of HIV infection 5 times compared to those without genital ulcers. In this group consisting of genital ulcers, the total infection rate at the end of 24 months was found to be 40%, which is a very high rate.

Anal intercourse without a condom carries more risk than anal intercourse using a condom. The infection rate of couples who had anal contact without using a condom was found to be approximately 28% at the end of 24 months.

According to this research; showed that withdrawal before ejaculation significantly reduces the risk of AIDS transmission. In all types of sexual intercourse, the risk was found to be 5 times less in the couples who used the withdrawal method at a rate of 50% compared to the couples who did not use this method.

In addition, 39 couples used condoms during vaginal intercourse but also had oral intercourse. There was no AIDS transmission in this group. Based on this research, it cannot be said that unprotected oral intercourse does not carry the risk of HIV infection. Because the number of couples included in the study is not enough to reach such a conclusion.

It should be reminded that this research was conducted on people who had sexual intercourse with the same partner over a long period of time. It is very clear that people who have unprotected sex with more than one different partner are at different risks of transmission. In conclusion, it is supported by various evidences that monogamy and the use of condoms prevent transmission of the virus during sexual contact.

In Which Ways Aids Are Not Transmitted;

The HIV virus cannot actually survive outside the body, so it is difficult to actually transmit.

Since the HIV virus cannot live outside the body, it is actually difficult to transmit.

Aids are not transmitted by saliva Aids are not transmitted by perspiration

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